1, Hydroxyl value: 1 gram polymer polyol ine hydroxyl (-OH) huwandu hwakaenzana nehuwandu hwema milligrams eKOH, chikwata mgKOH/g.
2, Kuenzana: avhareji yemamorekuru huremu hweboka rinoshanda.
3, Isocyanate yemukati: zviri mukati isocyanate mumorekuru
4, Isocyanate index: inoratidza chiyero che isocyanate yakawandisa mu polyurethane formula, kazhinji inomiririrwa netsamba R.
5. Chain extender: Inoreva kuderera kwema molecular weight alcohols uye maamines anogona kuwedzera, kuwedzera kana kuumba spatial network crosslinks yemamorekuru cheni.
6. Chikamu chakaoma: Chikamu cheketani chakaumbwa nekuita kwe isocyanate, chain extender uye crosslinker pane ketani huru ye polyurethane molecules, uye mapoka aya ane simba guru rekubatana, nzvimbo yakakura uye kuoma kukuru.
7, Soft segment: kabhoni kabhoni main chain polymer polyol, kuchinjika kwakanaka, mu polyurethane main chain yeinochinjika cheni chikamu.
8, Imwe-nhanho nzira: inoreva oligomer polyol, diisocyanate, chain extender uye catalyst yakasanganiswa panguva imwechete mushure mejekiseni rakananga muforoma, pane imwe tembiricha yekurapa yekuumba nzira.
9, Prepolymer nzira: Chekutanga oligomer polyol uye diisocyanate prepolymerization reaction, kugadzira kupera NCO based polyurethane prepolymer, kudurura uye ipapo prepolymer reaction neketani extender, kugadzirira kwe polyurethane elastomer nzira, inonzi prepolymer nzira.
10, Semi-prepolymer nzira: mutsauko pakati pesemi-prepolymer nzira uye prepolymer nzira ndeyekuti chikamu chepolyester polyol kana polyether polyol inowedzerwa kune prepolymer muchimiro chemusanganiswa neketani extender, catalyst, nezvimwe.
11, Reaction jekiseni molding: Iyo inozivikanwawo seReaction Injection Molding RIM (Reaction Injection Moulding), inoyerwa nemaoligomers ane huremu hwakaderera hwema molecular muchimiro chemvura, pakarepo yakasanganiswa uye inobaiwa muforoma panguva imwe chete, uye kukurumidza kuita mu mold cavity, iyo molecular huremu hwezvinhu hunowedzera nekukurumidza. Maitiro ekugadzira mapolymer matsva ane hunhu hutsva hweboka zvimiro pakumhanya kwakanyanya.
12, Foaming index: ndiko kuti, nhamba yezvikamu zvemvura zvinoshandiswa muzvikamu zana zve polyether zvinotsanangurwa se foaming index (IF).
13, Foaming reaction: kazhinji inoreva maitiro emvura uye isocyanate kugadzira inotsiva urea uye kuburitsa CO2.
14, Gel reaction: kazhinji inoreva kuumbwa kwecarbamate reaction.
15, Gel nguva: pasi pemamwe mamiriro, iyo yemvura zvinhu kugadzira gel inoda nguva.
16, Milky nguva: pakupera kwenzvimbo I, milky phenomenon inoonekwa mune yemvura chikamu polyurethane musanganiswa. Iyi nguva inonzi nguva yekrimu muchizvarwa che polyurethane foam.
17, Chain yekuwedzera coefficient: inoreva chiyero chehuwandu hweamino uye hydroxyl mapoka (chikamu: mo1) muketani extender zvikamu (kusanganisira yakasanganiswa chain extender) kune huwandu hweNCO mune prepolymer, ndiko kuti, iyo mole nhamba. (nhamba yakaenzana) chiyero cheboka rinoshanda rehydrogen kuNCO.
18, Yakaderera unsaturation polyether: kunyanya yePTMG budiriro, PPG mutengo, unsaturation yakaderedzwa kusvika 0.05mol/kg, padyo nekuita kwePTMG, uchishandisa DMC catalyst, iyo huru yakasiyana-siyana yeBayer Acclaim series zvigadzirwa.
19, Ammonia ester giredhi solvent: kugadzirwa kwepolyurethane solvent kuti tifunge nezvekuparara kwesimba, volatilization rate, asi kugadzirwa kwepolyurethane inoshandiswa mukunyungudutsa, kunofanira kuisa pfungwa pakutora NC0 inorema mu polyurethane. Zvinyungudutsa zvakadai sedoro uye ether alcohols iyo inopindirana nemapoka eNCO haigoni kusarudzwa. The solvent haigoni kuva netsvina yakadai semvura nedoro, uye haigoni kuva nealkali zvinhu, izvo zvichaita kuti polyurethane iwedzere.
Iyo ester solvent haibvumirwe kuve nemvura, uye haifanirwe kunge ine maasidhi emahara uye madoro, ayo achaita nemapoka eNCO. Iyo ester solvent inoshandiswa mu polyurethane inofanirwa kuve "ammonia ester grade solvent" nekuchena kwakanyanya. Kureva, iyo solvent inopindirana neyakawandisa isocyanate, uye ipapo huwandu hweiyo isocyanate isina kubatwa inotarwa ne dibutylamine kuongorora kana yakakodzera kushandiswa. Nheyo yacho ndeyokuti kushandiswa kweisocyanate hakushandi, nekuti zvinoratidza kuti mvura iri muester, doro, asidhi yetatu ichapedza kukosha kweisocyanate, kana huwandu hwemagiramu esolvent inodiwa kudya leqNCO boka inoratidzwa, iyo kukosha kugadzikana kwakanaka.
Isocyanate yakaenzana isingasviki 2500 haishandiswe se polyurethane solvent.
Iyo polarity ye solvent ine simba guru pakuita kwekugadzira resin. Iyo yakakura iyo polarity, iyo inononoka kuita, senge toluene uye methyl ethyl ketone musiyano ka24, iyi solvent molecule polarity yakakura, inogona kugadzira hydrogen bond neboka redoro hydroxyl uye kuita kuti mhinduro inonoke.
Polychlorinated ester solvent iri nani kusarudza inonhuhwirira solvent, yavo yekumhanyisa kumhanya inokurumidza kupfuura ester, ketone, senge xylene. Kushandiswa kwe ester uye ketone solvents kunogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa rechipiri-branched polyurethane panguva yekuvaka. Mukugadzirwa kwekuputira, kusarudzwa kwe "ammonia-grade solvent" yakambotaurwa kunobatsira kune zvakachengetwa zvakagadzikana.
Ester zvinonyungudutsa zvine kunyungudika kwakasimba, mwero wekuvhuvhuta zvine mwero, muchetura wakaderera uye unoshandiswa zvakanyanya, cyclohexanone inoshandiswawo zvakanyanya, zvinonyungudutsa zvehydrocarbon zvine simba rakadzika rekunyunguduka kwakasimba, kushandiswa kushoma kwega, uye kushandiswa kwakawanda nezvimwe zvinonyungudutsa.
20, Physical blowing agent: physical blowing agent is the foam pores inoumbwa kuburikidza nekushandurwa kwechimiro chechimiro chechinhu, kureva, kuburikidza nekuwedzera kwegasi rakamanikidzwa, kuvhuvhuta kwemvura kana kunyungudika kwechinhu chakasimba.
21, Chemical blowing agents: makemikari anofuridza maajenti ndeaya anogona kuburitsa magasi akadai secarbon dioxide nenitrogen mushure mekudziya kwekuora, uye kugadzira mapores akanaka mukuumbwa kwepolymer yekomboni.
22, Physical crosslinking: kune mamwe macheni akaomarara mupolymer nyoro cheni, uye cheni yakaoma ine zvimiro zvemuviri zvakafanana nerabha ine vulcanized rabha mushure mekuyambuka kemikari patembiricha iri pazasi penzvimbo yekunyorova kana nzvimbo yekunyungudika.
23, Chemical crosslinking: inoreva maitiro ekubatanidza macheni akakura mamorekuru kuburikidza nekemikari zvisungo pasi pechiito chechiedza, kupisa, high-energy radiation, mechanical force, ultrasound uye crosslinking agents kuti vagadzire network kana chimiro chepolymer.
24, Foaming index: nhamba yezvikamu zvemvura zvakaenzana nezana zvikamu zve polyether inotsanangurwa se foaming index (IF).
25. Ndeapi marudzi emaisocyanates anowanzoshandiswa maererano nemaitiro?
A: Aliphatic: HDI, alicyclic: IPDI,HTDI,HMDI, Aromatic: TDI,MDI,PAPI,PPDI,NDI.
26. Imhandoi dzeisocyanates dzinowanzoshandiswa? Nyora chimiro chechimiro
A: Toluene diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane-4,4 '-disocyanate (MDI), polyphenylmethane polyisocyanate (PAPI), liquefied MDI, hexamethylene-disocyanate (HDI).
27. Zvinoreva TDI-100 uye TDI-80?
A: TDI-100 inoumbwa ne toluene diisocyanate ine 2,4 chimiro; TDI-80 inoreva musanganiswa unosanganisira 80% toluene diisocyanate ye2,4 chimiro uye 20% ye2,6 chimiro.
28. Ndeapi maitiro eTDI neMDI mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvepolyurethane?
A: Reactivity ye2,4-TDI uye 2,6-TDI. Iko reactivity ye2,4-TDI yakakwira kakawanda kupfuura iyo ye2,6-TDI, nokuti 4-position NCO mu2,4-TDI iri kure ne2-position NCO uye methyl boka, uye pane inenge. hapana steric kuramba, nepo NCO ye2,6-TDI inobatwa neiyo steric effect ye ortho-methyl boka.
Mapoka maviri eNCO eMDI ari kure uye hapana anotsiva akatenderedza, saka chiitiko cheNCO mbiri chakakura. Kunyangwe kana NCO imwe ikatora chikamu mukuita, basa reNCO yasara inodzikira, uye chiitiko ichi chichiri chakakura zvakanyanya. Naizvozvo, iyo reactivity yeMDI polyurethane prepolymer yakakura kupfuura yeTDI prepolymer.
29.HDI, IPDI, MDI, TDI, NDI ndeipi yekupikisa yellowing iri nani?
A: HDI (ndeye invariant yellow aliphatic diisocyanate), IPDI (yakagadzirwa nepolyurethane resin ine yakanaka optical kugadzikana uye makemikari kuramba, inowanzo shandiswa kugadzira yakakwirira-giredhi isina-discoloration polyurethane resin).
30. Chinangwa chekugadzirisa MDI uye nzira dzakajairika dzekugadzirisa
A: Liquefied MDI: Yakagadziridzwa chinangwa: liquefied pure MDI is liquefied modified MDI, iyo inokunda kumwe kukanganisa kweMDI yakachena (yakasimba pakupisa kwekamuri, kunyunguduka kana kushandiswa, kupisa kwakawanda kunokanganisa kushanda), uye inopawo hwaro hwehuwandu hwakawanda. yekuvandudzwa kwekuvandudza uye kuvandudzwa kwekuita kweMDI-based polyurethane zvinhu.
Nzira:
① urethane yakagadziridzwa liquefied MDI.
② carbodiimide uye uretonimine yakagadziridzwa liquefied MDI.
31. Ndeapi marudzi epolymer polyols anowanzoshandiswa?
A: Polyester polyol, polyether polyol
32. Ingani nzira dzekugadzira maindasitiri dziripo dzepolyester polyols?
A: Vacuum kunyunguduka nzira B, mutakuri gasi kunyungudutsa nzira C, azeotropic distillation nzira
33. Ndezvipi zvimiro zvakakosha pane molecular musana wepolyester uye polyether polyols?
A: Polyester polyol: A macromolecular alcohol compound ine ester boka pane molecular backbone uye hydroxyl boka (-OH) pamagumo eboka. Polyether polyols: Mapolymers kana oligomers ane ether bond (-O-) uye mabhendi ekupedzisira (-Oh) kana mapoka emaamine (-NH2) mumusana wechimiro chemorekuru.
34. Ndedzipi mhando dzepolyether polyols maererano nehunhu hwadzo?
A: Inonyanya kushanda yepolyether polyols, yakanamirwa polyether polyols, murazvo wepolyether retardant polyols, heterocyclic modified polyether polyols, polytetrahydrofuran polyols.
35. Imhando ngani dzema polyether akajairika aripo maererano neanotanga?
A: Polyoxide propylene glycol, polyoxide propylene triol, hard bubble polyether polyol, yakaderera unsaturation polyether polyol.
36. Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pema polyethers ehydroxy-terminated neamine-terminated polyethers?
Aminoterminated polyethers inonzi polyoxide allyl ethers umo kuguma kwehydroxyl kunotsiviwa neboka reamine.
37. Ndeapi marudzi e polyurethane catalysts anowanzoshandiswa? Ndeapi marudzi anowanzo shandiswa anosanganisirwa?
A: Tertiary amine catalysts, marudzi anowanzoshandiswa ndeaya: triethylenediamine, dimethylethanolamine, n-methylmorpholine,N, n-dimethylcyclohexamine.
Metallic alkyl makomisheni, anowanzo shandiswa marudzi ndeaya: organotin catalysts, anogona kukamurwa kuita stannous octoate, stannous oleate, dibutyltin dilaurate.
38. Ndezvipi zvinowanzoshandiswa polyurethane cheni extenders kana crosslinkers?
A: Polyols (1, 4-butanediol), alicyclic alcohols, anonhuwirira doro, madhiamine, doro amines (ethanolamine, diethanolamine)
39. Rection mechanism ye isocyanates
A: Kuita kweisocyanates neanoshanda hydrogen komisheni kunokonzerwa neiyo nucleophilic centre yeinoshanda hydrogen compound molecule inorwisa NCO yakavakirwa kabhoni atomu. Iyo reaction mechanism ndeye:
40. Ko chimiro che isocyanate chinokanganisa sei reactivity yemapoka eNCO?
A: The electronegativity yeboka reAR: kana boka reR riri boka rinotora maerekitironi, gore re electron cloud density yeC atomu mu -NCO boka rakaderera, uye rinonyanya kutarisana nekurwiswa kwe nucleophiles, kureva, iyo. zviri nyore kuita nucleophilic reactions nedoro, amines uye mamwe macomputer. Kana R iri boka revanopa maerekitironi uye richitamiswa kuburikidza negore re electron, gore re electron cloud density ye C atomu iri mu -NCO boka richawedzera, zvichiita kuti isanyanya kushungurudzwa nekurwiswa kwe nucleophiles, uye kukwanisa kwayo kuita nekushanda kwehydrogen compounds kuchawedzera. kuderedza. B. Induction effect: Nekuti diisocyanate inonhuhwirira ine mapoka maviri eNCO, apo yekutanga -NCO gene inotora chikamu mukuita, nekuda kweiyo conjugated mhedzisiro yeinonhuhwirira mhete, iyo -NCO boka risingapindire mukuita rinoita basa. yeboka rinotora maerekitironi, kuitira kuti maitiro ekuita kweboka rekutanga reNCO awedzere, inova induction effect. C. steric effect: Mune anonhuwirira diisocyanate molecules, kana maviri -NCO mapoka ari mumhete inonhuhwirira panguva imwe chete, ipapo pesvedzero yeboka rimwe reNCO pane reactivity yerimwe boka reNCO inowanzonyanya kukosha. Nekudaro, kana mapoka maviri eNCO ari mumarin'i akasiyana anonhuhwirira mune imwechete molecule, kana akapatsanurwa nemaketani ehydrocarbon kana zvindori zvinonhuhwirira, kupindirana pakati pavo kudiki, uye kunodzikira nekuwedzera kwehurefu hwecheni hydrocarbon kana kuwedzera kwenhamba yezvindori zvinonhuhwirira.
41. Mhando dzekushanda kwehydrogen compounds uye NCO reactivity
A: Aliphatic NH2> Aromatic group Bozui OH> Mvura > Sekondari OH> Phenol OH> Carboxyl group > Substituted urea > Amido> Carbamate. (Kana iyo electron cloud density ye nucleophilic center yakakwira, electronegativity yakasimba, uye maitirwo ekuita ne isocyanate akakwira uye kukurumidza kwekuita kuri kukurumidza; zvikasadaro, chiitiko chakaderera.)
42. Kufurirwa kwemakemikari ehydroxyl pakuita kwavo zvakare ne isocyanates
A: The reactivity of active hydrogen compounds (ROH kana RNH2) inoenderana nemaitiro eR, kana R iri electron-withdrawing group (low electronegativity), zvinonetsa kuendesa maatomu ehydrogen, uye kuita pakati peanoshanda hydrogen komitani uye. NCO yakanyanya kuoma; Kana R iri electron-donating substituent, iyo reactivity yeanoshanda haidrojeni makomisheni neNCO inogona kuvandudzwa.
43. Chii chinoshandiswa neisocyanate reaction nemvura
A: Ndiyo imwe yemaitiro ekutanga mukugadzirira kwe polyurethane foam. Kuita pakati pavo kunotanga kubudisa carbamic acid isina kugadzikana, iyo inobva yaputsika mu CO2 uye amines, uye kana isocyanate yakawandisa, amine inoguma inopindirana neisocyanate kuumba urea.
44. Mukugadzirira kwepolyurethane elastomers, mvura yepolymer polyols inofanira kunyatsodzorwa.
A: Hapana mabubbles anodiwa mu elastomers, coatings uye faibha, saka iyo yemvura iri mumidziyo inofanirwa kudzorwa zvakanyanya, kazhinji isingasviki 0.05%.
45. Misiyano mune inokonzeresa mhedzisiro yeamine uye tini catalysts pane isocyanate reactions.
A: Tertiary amine catalysts ine yakakwira catalytic mashandiro ekuita kwe isocyanate nemvura, nepo tini catalysts ine yakakwirira catalytic mashandiro ekuita kwe isocyanate ne hydroxyl boka.
46. Sei polyurethane resin inogona kuonekwa se block polymer, uye ndeapi maitiro ekugadzirwa kweketani?
Mhinduro: Nekuti chikamu chetani che polyurethane resin inoumbwa nezvikamu zvakaoma uye zvakapfava, chikamu chakaomarara chinoreva chikamu checheni chakaumbwa nekuita kwe isocyanate, chain extender uye crosslinker pamaketani makuru e polyurethane molecules, uye mapoka aya ane yakakura kubatana. simba, nzvimbo yakakura vhoriyamu uye kuoma kukuru. Chikamu chakapfava chinoreva iyo kabhoni-kabhoni main cheni polymer polyol, ine yakanaka kuchinjika uye iri chikamu chinochinjika mu polyurethane main chain.
47. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokanganisa zvinhu zve polyurethane zvinhu?
A: Simba rekubatana kweboka, hydrogen bond, crystallinity, crosslinking degree, molecular weight, hard segment, soft segment.
48. Ndezvipi zvigadzirwa zvakapfava uye zvakaoma zvikamu pamaketani makuru e polyurethane zvinhu
A: Chikamu chakapfava chinoumbwa ne oligomer polyols (polyester, polyether diols, nezvimwewo), uye chikamu chakaoma chinoumbwa ne polyisocyanates kana musanganiswa wavo nediki molecule cheni inotambanudza.
49. Ko zvikamu zvinyoro uye zvikamu zvakaoma zvinokanganisa sei zvinhu zve polyurethane zvinhu?
A: Chikamu chakapfava: (1) Huremu hwemamorekuru echikamu chakapfava: tichifunga kuti huremu hwema molecular hwe polyurethane hwakafanana, kana chikamu chakapfava chiri polyester, simba re polyurethane rinowedzera nekuwedzera kwehuremu hwema molecular. iyo polyester diol; Kana chikamu chakapfava chiri polyether, simba re polyurethane rinoderera nekuwedzera kwema molecular weight ye polyether diol, asi kureba kunowedzera. (2) Iyo crystallinity yechikamu chakapfava: Iyo ine mupiro wakakura kune iyo crystallinity ye linear polyurethane cheni chikamu. Kazhinji, crystallization inobatsira pakuvandudza kushanda kwezvigadzirwa zvepolyurethane, asi dzimwe nguva crystallization inoderedza kuderera kwekushisa kwezvinhu, uye iyo crystalline polymer inowanzoita opaque.
Chikamu chakaoma: Chikamu chakaoma cheni chinowanzo kanganisa kunyorova uye kunyunguduka tembiricha uye yakakwirira tembiricha zvimiro zvepolymer. Polyurethanes yakagadzirwa neanonhuhwirira isocyanates ine zvindori zvinonhuhwirira, saka simba repolymer muchikamu chakaomarara rinowedzera, uye simba rezvinhu rinowanzo kukura pane iro realiphatic isocyanate polyurethanes, asi kuramba kusvibiswa kweultraviolet hakuna kunaka, uye zviri nyore kuita yero. Aliphatic polyurethanes haisi yero.
50. Polyurethane furo classification
A: (1) furo rakaomarara uye furo rakapfava, (2) kukwirira kwepamusoro uye kuderera kwefuro, (3) polyester rudzi, polyether rudzi foam, (4) TDI mhando, MDI mhando furo, (5) polyurethane furo uye polyisocyanurate furo, (6) imwe-nhanho nzira uye prepolymerization nzira kugadzirwa, nzira inopfuurira uye kugadzirwa kwepakati, (8) block foam uye foam yakaumbwa.
51. Maitiro ekutanga mukugadzirira furo
A: Zvinoreva kuita kwe -NCO ine -OH, -NH2 uye H2O, uye kana ichiita nema polyols, iyo "gel reaction" mukupupa maitiro kazhinji inoreva kuumbwa kwe carbamate. Nekuti furo raw material rinoshandisa akawanda-anoshanda mbishi zviwanikwa, network yakabatana-yakabatana inowanikwa, iyo inobvumira iyo foaming system kuti igeze nekukurumidza.
Kupupa kunoita furo kunoitika mufoaming system nekuvapo kwemvura. Iyo inonzi "foaming reaction" inowanzoreva maitiro emvura uye isocyanate kugadzira inotsiva urea uye kuburitsa CO2.
52. Nucleation mechanism yemabhuru
Iyo mbishi inopindirana mumvura kana zvinoenderana nekupisa kunogadzirwa nekuita kuburitsa gasi chinhu uye kuvhuvhuta gasi. Nekufambira mberi kwekuita uye kugadzirwa kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwekupisa kwekupisa, huwandu hwezvinhu zvegasi uye kuputika kwakawedzera kuenderera. Kana iyo gasi yakakwira kupfuura iyo saturation yekumisikidza, bubble rakatsiga rinotanga kuumba muchikamu chemhinduro uye rinosimuka.
53. Basa re foam stabilizer mukugadzirira kwe polyurethane foam
A: Iyo ine emulsification mhedzisiro, kuitira kuti kunyungudika kwepakati pakati pezvikamu zvefuro zvinhu zviwedzere; Mushure mekuwedzera kwesilicone surfactant, nekuti inoderedza zvakanyanya kushushikana kwepasi γ yemvura, iyo yakawedzera yemahara simba inodiwa pakupararira kwegasi inoderedzwa, kuitira kuti mhepo yakapararira mune yakasvibirira inogona kuita nucleate panguva yekusanganiswa, iyo inobatsira pakugadzirwa kwemabhuru madiki uye inovandudza kugadzikana kwefuro.
54. Kugadzikana nzira ye furo
A: Kuwedzerwa kweakakodzera ma surfactants anobatsira pakuumbwa kwekupararira kwebubble yakanaka.
55. Magadzirirwo ekugadzirisa akazaruka sero foam uye yakavharwa cell foam
A: Iyo yekugadzira nzira yekuvhurika-sero foam: Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kana paine kumanikidza kukuru mububble, kusimba kwebubble wall inoumbwa neiyo gel reaction haina kukwirira, uye firimu remadziro harigone kumira kutambanudza kwakakonzerwa. nekukwira kwegasi kudzvinyirira, bubble wall film inodhonzwa, uye gasi rinopukunyuka kubva pakuputika, richigadzira foam yakazaruka-sero.
Yakavharwa-sero foam yekugadzira masisitimu: Kune yakaoma bubble system, nekuda kwekuita kwepolyether polyols ine akawanda-inoshanda uye yakaderera molecular uremu ine polyisocyanate, iyo gel inomhanya inokurumidza, uye gasi riri mububble haigone kuputsa madziro ebubble. , nokudaro kugadzira iyo yakavharwa-sero furo.
56. Furo nzira yemuviri inopupuma mumiririri uye kemikari inopupuma
A: Physical blowing agent: The physical blowing agent is the foam pores inoumbwa kuburikidza nekushandurwa kwechimiro chemuviri chechimwe chinhu, kureva, kuburikidza nekuwedzera kwegasi rakamanikidzwa, kuvhuvhuta kwemvura kana kunyungudika kwechinhu chakasimba.
Chemical blowing agents: Chemical blowing agents ndiwo makomisheni anoti, kana aora nekupisa, anoburitsa magasi akadai secarbon dioxide nenitrogen uye anoita mapores akanaka mukuumbwa kwepolymer.
57. Kugadzirira nzira ye soft polyurethane foam
A: Imwe-nhanho nzira uye prepolymer nzira
Prepolymer nzira: kureva, iyo polyether polyol uye yakawandisa TDI reaction inogadzirwa kuita prepolymer ine yemahara NCO boka, yozosanganiswa nemvura, catalyst, stabilizer, nezvimwewo, kugadzira furo. Imwe-nhanho nzira: Yakasiyana-siyana yezvigadzirwa zvakasanganiswa zvakananga mumusoro wekusanganisa kuburikidza nekuverenga, uye nhanho inogadzirwa nefuro, iyo inogona kukamurwa kuita inoenderera uye inopindirana.
58. Hunhu hwekukakama furo uye vertical furo
Balanced pressure plate method: inoratidzwa nekushandiswa kwepepa repamusoro uye ndiro yevhavha yepamusoro. Overflow groove nzira: inoratidzwa nekushandiswa kwekufashukira groove uye conveyor bhandi kumhara ndiro.
Vertical foaming maitiro: unogona kushandisa kuyerera kudiki kuti utore hombe-chikamu-chikamu nzvimbo yefoam blocks, uye kazhinji shandisa yakachinjika inopupa muchina kuti uwane chikamu chimwechete chebhuroko, iyo yekuyerera nhanho yakakura katatu kusvika kashanu pane yakatwasuka. foaming; Pamusana pechikamu chikuru chemuchinjikwa wefoam block, hapana ganda repamusoro uye rezasi, uye ganda rekumucheto rakatetepawo, saka kurasikirwa kwekucheka kunoderedzwa zvikuru. Midziyo inovhara nzvimbo diki, kureba kwechirimwa kunosvika 12 ~ 13m, uye mutengo wekudyara wechirimwa nemidziyo wakaderera pane iwo weiyo yakachinjika yekupupa maitiro; Zviri nyore kutsiva hopper uye modhi kugadzira cylindrical kana rectangular furo mitumbi, kunyanya akatenderera foam mabheti ekucheka anotenderera.
59. Mapoinzi ekutanga ekusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvakapfava kugadzirira kupupa
A: Polyol: polyether polyol yeyakajairika block furo, molecular uremu kazhinji 3000 ~ 4000, kunyanya polyether triol. Polyether triol ine huremu hwemamorekuru hwe4500 ~ 6000 inoshandiswa kune yakakwirira resilience foam. Nekuwedzera kwehuremu hwemamorekuru, kusimba kwesimba, kureba uye kusimba kwefuro kunowedzera. Iko reactivity ye polyethers yakafanana yakaderera. Nekuwedzera kwedhigirii rekushanda kwepolyether, maitiro anowedzera kukurumidza, iyo crosslinking degree ye polyurethane inowedzera, kuoma kwefuro kunowedzera, uye kureba kunoderera. Isocyanate: Iyo isocyanate mbishi zvinhu zve polyurethane nyoro block foam inonyanya toluene diisocyanate (TDI-80). Basa rakaderera reTDI-65 rinongoshandiswa kune polyester polyurethane furo kana yakakosha polyether furo. Catalyst: The catalytic benefits of bulk soft foam foaming inogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri: imwe inonzi organometallic compounds, stannous caprylate ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa; Imwe mhando ndeye tertiary amines, inowanzoshandiswa se dimethylaminoethyl ethers. Foam stabilizer: Mu polyester polyurethane bulk foam, asiri-silicon surfactants anonyanya kushandiswa, uye mu polyether bulk foam, organosilica-oxidized olefin copolymer inonyanya kushandiswa. Foaming agent: Kazhinji, mvura chete ndiyo inoshandiswa seanopupuma furo kana kuzara kwepolyurethane soft block bubbles kwakakura kudarika 21 kg per cubic meter; Mishonga yakaderera yekubikira senge methylene chloride (MC) inoshandiswa seyebetsero yekufuridza chete mune yakaderera density formulations.
60. Kupesvedzera kwemamiriro ezvakatipoteredza pazvinhu zvemuviri zve block foams
A: Mhedzisiro yetembiricha: iyo inopupa inoita ye polyurethane inomhanyisa sezvo tembiricha yechinhu ichikwira, izvo zvinokonzeresa njodzi yekutsva kwepakati uye moto mune dzakaoma maumbirwo. Kufurira kwehunyoro hwemhepo: Nekuwedzera kwekunyorova, nekuda kwekuita kweboka re isocyanate mu furo nemvura mumhepo, kuoma kwefuro kunoderera uye kureba kunowedzera. Kusimba kwekusimba kwefuro kunowedzera nekuwedzera kweboka re urea. Mhedzisiro yemhepo yemhepo: Kune iyo fomula imwe chete, kana ichipupuma pakakwirira, density inodzikira zvakanyanya.
61. Musiyano mukuru pakati peiyo mbishi system inoshandiswa kune inotonhora yakaumbwa yakapfava furo uye inopisa yakaumbwa furo.
A: Izvo zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa mukutonhora kuporesa kuumbwa zvine yakakwirira reactivity, uye hapana chikonzero chekudziya kwekunze panguva yekurapa, zvichienderana nekupisa kunogadzirwa nehurongwa, maitiro ekurapa anogona kupedzwa munguva pfupi, uye mold inogona. inoburitswa mukati memaminitsi mashoma mushure mekubaiwa jekiseni remidziyo. Iyo mbishi reactivity yekupisa kurapa kuumba furo yakadzikira, uye musanganiswa wekuita unofanirwa kudziya pamwe chete neforoma mushure mekupupa muforoma, uye chigadzirwa chefuro chinogona kuburitswa mushure mekunge chanyatsokura mugero rekubikira.
62. Ndeapi maitiro ekutonhora-akaumbwa akapfava furo kana achienzaniswa neanopisa-akaumbwa furo
A: ① Maitiro ekugadzira haadi kupisa kwekunze, anogona kuchengetedza kupisa kwakawanda; ② Yakakwira sag coefficient (collapsibility ratio), yakanaka kunyaradza kuita; ③ High rebound rate; ④ Furo risina murazvo retardant zvakare rine zvimwe zvinodzosa moto; ⑤ Short kugadzirwa kutenderera, inogona kuchengetedza mold, kuchengetedza mutengo.
63. Hunhu uye kushandiswa kwevhu rakapfava uye rakaoma bubble zvichiteerana
A: Hunhu hwemabhuru akapfava: Sero chimiro chepolyurethane nyoro mabubbles anowanzo kuvhurika. Kazhinji, ine yakaderera density, yakanaka elastic kupora, kunyudzwa kwekurira, kupindira kwemhepo, kuchengetedza kupisa uye zvimwe zvinhu. Zvishandiso: Inonyanya kushandiswa fenicha, cushion zvinhu, chigaro chemotokari cushion zvinhu, akasiyana akapfava padding laminated composite zvinhu, maindasitiri uye ehurumende akapfava furo rinoshandiswawo sefirita zvinhu, zvinonzwika zvekudzivirira, zvinhu zvekuvhundutsa, zvekushongedza, zvekurongedza zvinhu. uye thermal insulation materials.
Hunhu hwefuro rakasimba: furo re polyurethane rine huremu huremu, huremu hwepamusoro uye kugadzikana kwakanaka kwedimensional; Iko kupisa kwekushisa kwekuita kwe polyurethane rigid foam kwakakwirira. Simba rekunamatira rakasimba; Kuita kwakanaka kwekuchembera, hupenyu hurefu hwebasa readiabatic; Iyo reaction musanganiswa ine mvura yakanaka uye inogona kuzadza mhango kana nzvimbo yechimiro chakaoma zvakanaka. Iyo mbishi ye polyurethane yakaoma foam kugadzirwa ine yakakwira reactivity, inogona kuwana nekukurumidza kurapwa, uye inogona kuwana hunyanzvi hwekuita uye kugadzirwa kwakawanda mufekitori.
Zvishandiso: Inoshandiswa sechinhu chekudzivirira mafiriji, mafiriza, midziyo ine firiji, chengetedzo inotonhora, pombi yemafuta uye kupisa pombi yemvura inopisa, madziro ekuvaka uye denga rekuvhara, insulation sandwich board, nezvimwe.
64. Mapoinzi akakosha eyakaoma bubble formula dhizaini
A: Polyols: polyether polyols inoshandiswa kugadzira furo rakaomarara kazhinji ine simba rakawanda, yakakwira hydroxyl kukosha (yakaderera molecular uremu) polypropylene oxide polyols; Isocyanate: Parizvino, iyo isocyanate inoshandiswa kune yakaoma bubbles inonyanya polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate (inowanzozivikanwa sePAPI), kureva, crude MDI uye polymerized MDI; Mhepo inofuridza :(1)CFC inofuridza mumiririri (2)HCFC neHFC inofuridza mumiririri (3) pentane inofuridza (4) mvura; Foam stabilizer: Iyo foam stabilizer inoshandiswa ku polyurethane rigid foam kugadzirwa kazhinji iblock polymer ye polydimethylsiloxane uye polyoxolefin. Parizvino, akawanda furo stabilizers ari kunyanya Si-C mhando; Catalyst: The catalyst of hard bubble formulation inonyanya tertiary amine, uye organotin catalyst inogona kushandiswa muzviitiko zvakakosha; Zvimwe zvinowedzera: Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa uye zvinodiwa zvekushandiswa kwakasiyana kwe polyurethane rigid foam zvigadzirwa, zvinodzoreredza moto, maajenti ekuvhura, zviputi inhibitors, anti-kuchembera, anti-mildew agents, toughening agents uye zvimwe zvinowedzera zvinogona kuwedzerwa kune fomula.
65. Ganda rose rinoumba furo rekugadzirira musimboti
A: integral skin foam (ISF), inozivikanwawo seself skinning foam (self skinning foam), ipurasitiki furo rinogadzira ganda rayo rakakora panguva yekugadzirwa.
66. Hunhu uye kushandiswa kwe polyurethane microporous elastomers
A: Hunhu: polyurethane elastomer ibhuroka polymer, kazhinji inoumbwa neoligomer polyol inochinjika refu cheni yakapfava segment, diisocyanate uye cheni extender kuti iite chikamu chakaoma, chakaoma chikamu uye chakapfava segment alternate gadziriro, ichigadzira inodzokororwa yemaitiro unit. Kuwedzera kune ane ammonia ester mapoka, iyo polyurethane inogona kuumba hydrogen zvisungo mukati uye pakati pemamorekuru, uye zvikamu zvakapfava uye zvakaoma zvinogona kuumba microphase matunhu uye kugadzira microphase kupatsanurwa.
67. Ndeapi maitiro makuru ekushanda kwe polyurethane elastomers
A: Maitiro ekuita: 1, simba guru uye elasticity, inogona kuva muhupamhi hwekuoma (Shaw A10 ~ Shaw D75) kuchengetedza yakakwirira elasticity; Kazhinji, iyo inodiwa yakaderera kuoma inogona kuwanikwa pasina plasticizer, saka hapana dambudziko rinokonzerwa nekutama kweplasticizer; 2, pasi pekuoma kwakafanana, kutakura kwepamusoro kudarika mamwe elastomers; 3, yakanakisa kupfeka kuramba, kupfeka kwayo kuramba i2 kusvika ku10 nguva yerabha yechisikigo; 4. Yakanakisa mafuta uye makemikari kuramba; Inonhuhwirira polyurethane mwaranzi inopikisa; Yakanakisa okisijeni kuramba uye ozone kuramba; 5, yakakwirira simba rekudzivirira, yakanaka kuneta kuramba uye kushomeka kuramba, yakakodzera kune yakakwira-frequency flexure application; 6, yakaderera tembiricha kuchinjika zvakanaka; 7, yakajairwa polyurethane haigone kushandiswa pamusoro pe100 ℃, asi kushandiswa kweiyo yakakosha fomula inogona kumira 140 ℃ yakanyanya tembiricha; 8, kuumba uye kugadzirisa mutengo wakaderera.
68. Polyurethane elastomers inoiswa maererano ne polyols, isocyanates, maitiro ekugadzira, nezvimwe.
A: 1. Maererano nemafuta e-oligomer polyol, polyurethane elastomers inogona kugoverwa kuva polyester type, polyether type, polyolefin type, polycarbonate type, etc. 2. Maererano nekusiyana kwe diisocyanate, inogona kugoverwa kuva aliphatic uye inonhuwira elastomers, uye yakakamurwa kuva TDI rudzi, MDI rudzi, IPDI rudzi, NDI rudzi uye mamwe marudzi; Kubva pakugadzira, polyurethane elastomers yagara yakakamurwa kuita mapoka matatu: casting type (CPU), thermoplasticity (TPU) uye yekusanganisa mhando (MPU).
69. Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvinokanganisa zvinhu zve polyurethane elastomers kubva pakuona kwemaitiro emakemikari?
A: Kubva pakuona kwechimiro chemolecular, polyurethane elastomer i block polymer, inowanzo umbwa ne oligomer polyols inochinjika yakareba cheni yakapfava chikamu, diisocyanate uye cheni extender kuti iite chikamu chakaoma, chakaoma chikamu uye chakapfava chikamu chinogadziriswa, kugadzira inodzokorora. structural unit. Kuwedzera kune ane ammonia ester mapoka, iyo polyurethane inogona kuumba hydrogen zvisungo mukati uye pakati pemamorekuru, uye zvikamu zvakapfava uye zvakaoma zvinogona kuumba microphase matunhu uye kugadzira microphase kupatsanurwa. Aya maitiro ekugadzirisa anoita kuti polyurethane elastomers ive nekunaka kupfeka kuramba uye kusimba, inozivikanwa se "wear-resistant rubber".
70. Musiyano wekuita pakati peyakajairika polyester mhando uye polytetrahydrofuran ether mhando elastomers
A: Mamorekuru epolyester ane mamwe mapoka epolar ester (-COO-), ayo anogona kuumba yakasimba intramolecular hydrogen bonds, saka polyester polyurethane ine simba rakawanda, kupfeka kusagadzikana uye kuramba mafuta.
Iyo elastomer yakagadzirwa kubva ku polyether polyols ine yakanaka hydrolysis kugadzikana, kuramba mamiriro ekunze, kuderera kwekushisa kushanduka uye mold kuramba. Chinyorwa chinyorwa/Polymer kudzidza Tsvagiridzo
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-17-2024